Conceptual
Domestic work has gendered meaning and content of both masculinity and femininity is strongly embedded in the cultural context. In our article, across three studies we analyse the perception of household duties and their division between partners in two countries differing with regard to gender equality levels: Norway and Poland. In our Study 1, Polish (N = 64, 40 women, Myears = ) and Norwegian (N = 45, 27 women, Mage = ) students rated the typicality of domestic duties for women and men in Poland and in Norway. Our results show that feminine-typed or masculine-typed household duties are perceived as less gendered in Norway than in Poland. In the second Study, using a sample consisting of students and internet users from Poland (N = 207, 92 women, Mage = ) and Norway (N = 126, 85 women, Mage = (SD = ), we investigated whether there are Polish-Norwegian differences with regard to willingness to be more involved in household obligations. Overall, Norwegian men and women were more willing to perform household tasks. This result also found confirmation in results obtained with larger representative samples in Study 3. Using European Social Survey records of 889 Poles (429 women, Mage = ) and 990 Norwegians (452 women, Mage = ) we compared data concerning men’s and women’s perception of their and their partners’ contribution to housework. Our results show that cultural context can relate to the perception of household duties that are perceived more gender-neutral in Norway than in Poland.
Inclusion
Guys all over countries is actually under pressure in order to comply with norms for example because company, prominence, pursuit of highest social status, and you can first off reduction out-of womanliness (Berent et al. getbride.org pop over til disse karene 2015; Mahalik mais aussi al. 2003). Which being involved with home-based efforts are perhaps not said to be a beneficial man’s job however, a good female’s business, hence men must not practice (Poortman and you will Van der Lippe 2009; Bosson and Vandello 2013). The fresh extent that cleaning is equally split between women and you may men hinges on the amount of gender equivalence from inside the certain country. When you look at the places that have high amounts of gender equality, folk do a lot more equivalent jobs regarding the people and you may it is more prevalent for men becoming occupied with domestic performs than in countries having lower gender equality (Glick & Fiske, 2001; Wood and Eagly 2012). Since posited because of the biosocial structure design, cultural beliefs about gender jobs communicate with people’s findings of your own activities of women and guys in their people, therefore if anybody observe feminine caring for pupils and you will creating house errands then they think women are a great deal more suitable for undertaking residential really works than guys (Eagly and you will Steffen 1984; Wood and you may Eagly 2012). Such gender character inferences, consequently, bring sex-differentiated decisions that is also manifested in women’s and men’s room maturity and obligations are doing work in residential work – scientific findings usually show that aside from gender equality quantities of the world, most home negotiating turns out that have women being way more guilty of housework (Coltrane 2000; Ehrenberg ainsi que al. 2001; Fuwa 2004).
Difference ranging from men’s and you will ladies’ show inside the house tasks comprises a beneficial visible gender pit regarding the family members. So it pit is specifically obvious when tasks are categorized in masculine-wrote and you can women-typed housework (Schneider 2012). According to Tai and Treas (2013), discover almost common division from tasks on the male-penned (turf works, small solutions) and you will female-had written works (elizabeth.grams. laundry, clean, unwell worry) considering analysis away from thirty-two places. The latter set of responsibilities consists of chores, that are firmly avoided by men (Treas and you will Tai 2010), as they is generally seen as day-sipping and dull, in comparison to male-wrote employment particularly domestic maintenance, vehicle resolve, yard performs that are sensed much more recreation and you can episodic (Bianchi mais aussi al. 2006). Besides the biosocial construction design (Timber and Eagly 2012), a separate prospective reason why guys have a tendency to abstain from doing feminine-had written situations ‘s the anxiety about not being regarded as macho sufficient. Knob is made such as agency and you can an enthusiastic anti-femininity mandate hence discourages guys as involved in factors and this is actually feminine and you will public such childcare and you can domestic really works (Bosson and you may Vandello 2013; Caswell et al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka mais aussi al. 2016b; Schneider 2012). To stop housework will likely be for this reason one-way where men compensate for threats to their masculinity and give a wide berth to negative appraisal from other area players which assume guys are macho and you will abstain from feminine employment (Caswell ainsi que al. 2014; Kosakowska-Berezecka ainsi que al. 2016b). Because of this, male people don’t occupy sufficient display away from gendered household debt, which would succeed women to be far more noticeable on labor b).